How to Define the Empty Regions of a Mother Volume After Placing a Daughter Volume in Geant4

After placing a daughter volume inside a mother volume, how are the remaining empty regions of the mother volume defined? Are they vacuum, or do they use the mother volume’s material? If you want those regions to be vacuum, do you have to explicitly define the space (i.e. subtract the daughter volume from the mother)?

See the slides here, especially 5 and 6. The relationship is the same as any object and the world volume. The hierarchy is daughter material in overlap, mother otherwise. And this continues all the way down. The only thing that is not allowed is for the daughter to protrude outside the mother volume i.e. the daughter must be fully enclosed by the mother.

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Thank you once again for the excellent response and materials.

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