Weird 2.734 keV energy depositions

Dear G4 experts,

I am experiencing a weird behavior in a simple application I have developed to test energy deposition in a Gold/Bismuth thin absorber. I am generating monoenergetic photon beams at different energies, and in the deposited energy spectrum a weird line at 2.734 keV appears. I am able to identify all of the other lines in the absorption spectrum as fluorescences or escape peaks, but this one has no explaination at all.

This energy roughly corresponds to one of the M absorption edges for Gold, and it was also identified as such in this reference (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/718/6/062051/pdf, you can just search for “2.734” string in the pdf).

But the other edges are not present, and as you can see in the following table obtained from NIST database, the cross section for photoelectric absorption for that edge is not dramatically different from the others close absorption edges (not as much as to create such a prominent line with hundreds of counts in a 0.1 eV binned histogram anyway)

Moreover, this is not how absorption edges are supposed to work according to my understanding: if I sent a flat spectrum I should see a line corresponding to increased absorption probability at that energy, but in this case I am sending monoenergetic 5 keV photons.

I went looking into the raw SD output file for some of these events, and I became even more puzzled: as you can see below, the events are all slightly different, but the deposited energy always sums up to 2.734

Event 1:

EvtID Particle ID Parent Particle ID Eprestep (MeV) Edep (MeV) Epoststep (MeV) Evertex (MeV) PXL#
88647 1 0 0.005 0.00015874 0 0.005 497
88647 4 1 0.00220333 0.00033505 0 0.00220333 497
88647 5 4 0.00186828 0.0012053 0.000393878 0.00186828 497
88647 5 4 0.000393878 0.000393878 0 0.00186828 497
88647 6 5 0.000269102 0.000269102 0 0.000269102 497
88647 3 1 0.00037193 0.00037193 0 0.00037193 497

Event2:

EvtID Particle ID Parent Particle ID Eprestep (MeV) Edep (MeV) Epoststep (MeV) Evertex (MeV) PXL#
41481 1 0 0.005 0.00054367 0 0.005 175
41481 4 1 0.00176192 6.32462e-05 0.00133479 0.00176192 175
41481 4 1 0.00133479 0.000919869 0.000414922 0.00176192 175
41481 4 1 0.000414922 2.48064e-05 0.000390116 0.00176192 175
41481 5 4 0.000363883 0.000363883 0 0.000363883 175
41481 3 1 0.00042841 0.00042841 0 0.00042841 175
41481 2 1 0.002266 0.000390337 0.00187566 0.002266 175

Event 3:

EvtID Particle ID Parent Particle ID Eprestep (MeV) Edep (MeV) Epoststep (MeV) Evertex (MeV) PXL#
114435 1 0 0.005 0.00029461 0 0.005 165
114435 5 1 0.00022722 0.00022722 0 0.00022722 165
114435 4 1 0.00178376 0.000676115 0.000901289 0.00178376 165
114435 4 1 0.000901289 0.000901289 0 0.00178376 165
114435 6 4 0.000206356 0.000206356 0 0.000206356 165
114435 3 1 0.00042841 0.00042841 0 0.00042841 165

So I am literally lost and havo no clue if this is a physical process or a bug. Can someone more expert than me help me figure out what is happening?

Thanks a lot in advance

1 Like

What’s the physics list that you are using?

Hello Luciano, I am currently using the Space Physics List with the 10.4 version, which is a custom physicslist developed with the help of SWHARD. It builds on Opt4 foundations, and in the case of this absorber uses Single Scattering for electrons scattering

Hello Simone. Since the 2.734 keV are summed by a cascade of different secondaries (and not generated, e.g. as a single secondary), I guess that the fluorescence is the most obvious candidate. [Initially I thought by the artifact peak which is generated by the Penelope Ionisation model: this is an unphysical peak which is generated by individual inelasic scattering events, and which is smeared out when accumulating more statistics]. If you have time to invest for the troubleshooting, the first test I would suggest is to disentangle Bi vs. Au :wink:

1 Like

Hello Simone,

a sanity check: what is the cut/production threshold for gamma in this target?

VI

The lowest possible, I do not remember the exact value (I need to check), but the corresponding energy cut is 200 eV